Through Generational Relationships One Young Haitian Woman Comes To Te

Through generational connections one youthful Haitian lady deals with her nation, her mom, and her own character. In Breath, Eyes, Memory creator Edwidge Danticat depicts the connections between three ages of ladies as the roots that assist them with figuring out how to endure numerous strifling afflictions. Danticat's courageous woman is Sophie, who has spent a cheerful adolescence in Haiti with her grandma and her darling auntie, who raised her as their own kid. Sophie lives with her family members until her mom who lives in New York sends for her and powers Sophie to leave the main home and family she knows and start another life in a peculiar nation with a mother she scarcely recalls. As Sophie conquers her underlying feelings of trepidation and turns out to be nearer to her mom, she discovers that her mom has for a long time been tormented by the recollections of the mysterious man- - Sophie's dad - who viciously assaulted her when she was a young person; this has heaps of dread and blame on Sophie which makes life insufferable to adapt. Sophie runs off with a more seasoned man and has an infant to make another life, however even so she despite everything experiences the frequenting enthusiastic issues welcomed on her by her mom. While trying to deal with her past and her family, she takes her newborn child little girl to Haiti, and there the ages of ladies at last come to comprehend each other, and keeping in mind that life deplorably finishes for Sophie's mom, Sophie can return to her American existence with another quality. The entire plot was persuaded by struggle. There are numerous cases of contention in this story. One case of contention is between Sophie's adoration for her auntie and her faithfulness to her organic mother during her transition to New York. Sophie needed to remain with the family she adored however she realized she ought to go to the mother who brought forth her. Another case of contention in the story is between Sophie's mom and her appalling past. Her mom is continually spooky by her past, and however she attempts to live calmly, her past in the end attracts her to end her own life. One more case of contention is among Sophie and her mom when she lives in New York. She cherishes her mother, however she can't remain to live with the enthusiastic pressure her mother puts upon her. Strife just as setting has helped the peruser further comprehend this story. The setting causes the peruser to more readily comprehend the story in numerous occasions. One case of the job of the setting is when Sophie is strolling down the regular boulevards of Haiti with her grandma. The peruser gets the inclination that there is warm love between the families on the grounds that the houses in Haiti are put near one another which makes warm participation and love between the families. Another case of setting impact happens when Sophie faces inconvenience and disarray in moving from warm Haiti to confounding New York City. Since Sophie is moving from the warm setting of her little Haitian home to a huge and clamoring town, the peruser feels the huge clash that lay ahead in her life. One more case of setting impact is when Sophie leaves her disturbing life in New York to discover alleviation in her encouraging Haitian home. The peruser sees New York as large, progressed, and brimming with inconvenience and perspectives Haiti as having warm family networks. Thi s enables the peruser to comprehend why Sophie has a need to withdraw from irksome New York back to her Haitian home. The settings in this story have had a major impact in helping the peruser to all the more likely appreciate the story. The utilization of Haitian vernacular that was connected to the English was an exceptionally full of feeling approach to depict the way of life. The jargon of this book was sufficient and agreeable to a normal to better than expected degree of perusing. A peruser of these levels would not need to keep halting to look into words in a word reference. The discourse utilized particularly by the grandma and the auntie indicated their Haitian culture just as their absence of training. In a general view I would state that I thought this book was

Barriers to Communication Free Essays

Sender-arranged †¢Receiver-situated Sender arranged obstructions: It can be either willful or automatic. At any cost, endeavors ought to be made with respect to the sender to recognize and expel them. A portion of the obstructions that are sender arranged are: ? Gravely communicated message: solid thoughts and well structures message ? Misfortune in transmission: right decision of medium or channel ?Semantic issue: straightforward words and precise comprehension of intension ? Over/under correspondence: quantum of data ought to be correct ? I’ Attitude: evade I demeanor ?Prejudices: mind liberated from inclination Rules to conquer the sender situated obstructions: ?Plan and explain thoughts ?Create an atmosphere of trust and certainty ?Time your psyche cautiously ?Reinforce words with activity ? Convey proficiently Receiver-arranged obstructions: ?Poor maintenance: write down focuses ?Inattentive tuning in: improve fixation ?Tendency to assess: defer assessment ?Interest and mentalities: create enthusiasm ?Conflicting data: affirm with criticism, explain Differing status and position: urge youngsters to think of thoughts and listen ? Protection from change: be adaptable ?Refutations and contentions: go into sound conversations Communication clamor In any correspondence model, commotion is impedance with the translating of messages sent over a channel by an encoder. We will compose a custom exposition test on Boundaries to Communication or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now There are numerous instances of clamor: Environmental Noise: Noise that truly disturbs correspondence, for example, remaining close to noisy speakers at a gathering, or the commotion from a building site close to a study hall making it hard to hear the teacher. Physiological-Impairment Noise: Physical diseases that forestall successful correspondence, for example, real deafness or visual deficiency keeping messages from being gotten as they were planned. Semantic Noise: Different translations of the implications of specific words. For instance, the word â€Å"weed† can be deciphered as an unfortunate plant in your yard, or as a code word for pot. Linguistic Noise: Mistakes in punctuation can upset correspondence, for example, sudden changes in action word tense during a sentence. Authoritative Noise: Poorly organized correspondence can keep the recipient from precise understanding. For instance, hazy and gravely expressed bearings can make the beneficiary considerably increasingly lost. Social Noise: Stereotypical suspicions can cause false impressions, for example, unexpectedly irritating a non-Christian individual by wishing them a â€Å"Merry Christmas. † Psychological Noise: Certain mentalities can likewise make correspondence troublesome. For example, incredible annoyance or misery may make somebody lose center around the current second. Disarranges, for example, Autism may likewise seriously hamper compelling correspondence. [11] Step by step instructions to refer to Barriers to Communication, Papers Boundaries to Communication Free Essays Boundaries to correspondence I Ways to defeat the hindrance I An individual could be hard of hearing, so clearly they can't hear what anyone is stating to them, they wouldn’t have the option to hear someone bringing them over and they wont know If individuals are discussing them which could likewise bring down their confidence. I This individual could even now be spoken with by others that know gesture based communication, individuals could learn gesture based communication so they can connect and speak with this individual, or composed correspondence could be utilized so individuals are as yet ready to converse with this individual. I People from various societies may not communicate in a similar language which is a hindrance to correspondence, since they won't have the option to comprehend what you are stating and you won't have the option to get them. We will compose a custom paper test on Obstructions to Communication or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now I This can be explained by having an interpreter to enable you to impart, you could likewise attempt to comprehend their language by having somebody educate you. Pictures and signs could be utilized to convey outwardly making It simpler to impart. I Having an absence of certainty could be a hindrance to correspondence in light of the fact that the individual wont feel sufficiently sure to address you, be opposite, modest and frightened, and absence of certainty could keep relational abilities from creating. I Ways to beat this could be to cause the individual to feel great, start off the discussion, cause the individual to feel like you are intrigued and cause them to feel better about them selves. I If an individual is visually impaired they could feel awkward addressing individuals since they wont have the option to see who they’re talking as well, feel powerless, frightened and risky. I Having an individual that they know and feel great around with them, would help since they at that point would have a sense of security ND secure having someone they trust with them I Speech troubles. An individual will most likely be unable to talk because of harm to the mind or vocal strings or some other issues they may have which doesn’t permit them to talk. I Electronic discourse synthesizers could take care of this issue. It permits individuals who have issues with talking, to speak with others in spite of the fact that they can’t really talk themselves. I Having parent’s who are hard of hearing/have discourse challenges could be a problem,it could forestall relational abilities creating in light of the fact that their parent’s can’t address fix, showing them relational abilities as they grow up. I Being at nursery, and schools will support this circumstance. The youngster will associate with other people who will talk and convey in different manners with them. Showing them relational abilities. Having a relative, companion or assistant who has no discourse challenges, around the youngster as the individual in question grows up would have any kind of effect since the person can get the relational abilities they need from that individual. Step by step instructions to refer to Barriers to Communication, Papers

Phone Coaching to Treat Borderline Personality Disorder

Phone Coaching to Treat Borderline Personality Disorder BPD Treatment Print Phone Coaching Can Treat Borderline Personality Disorder Phone coaching is an essential part of your therapy By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 26, 2019 Tim Robberts/The Image Bank/Getty Images More in BPD Treatment Diagnosis Living With BPD Related Conditions One important aspect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder is phone coaching. What is phone coaching, and how can it help you cope with symptoms? Phone coaching is one of the essential elements of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), a very effective form of psychotherapy that is used for borderline personality disorder (BPD). While there is no cure for BPD, DBT has been proven to decrease the occurrence and severity of symptoms. When you begin a DBT program, you will have regular sessions with your therapist, so its imperative that you feel comfortable with that person. If you have BPD, you likely have experienced a wide range of symptoms that prevent you from living a normal life. From addictions to violent mood swings and suicidal thoughts, BPD is a serious illness that requires a holistic approach to treatment. This makes DBT and all of its components so important for your recovery during therapy. In DBT, you will be provided with group skills training, a therapy group in which you will learn basic skills for managing emotions, maintaining relationships and tolerating distress, and individual psychotherapy with a therapist. During these sessions, youll work on controlling overly intense emotions, reduce self-destructive or harmful behaviors and manage your pain. It is a problem-solving approach to BPD that can cause significant results for patients. The Role of Phone Coaching One pivotal part of DBT is the role of phone coaching. DBT therapists must be available for phone coaching throughout the course of your therapy. You will be encouraged to call your therapist at any time, day or night, when youre in need of help. Its especially helpful if you often feel ashamed, scared or think your fears go unheard. During the call, your therapist will talk you through the situation, helping to stop you from harming yourself or taking part in destructive or dangerous actions. He will work with you through phone coaching to use the skills youve learned to handle the situation or crisis appropriately, without hurting yourself. Beyond preventing self-harming behaviors, phone coaching will help you navigate difficult experiences and will provide encouragement during these times. Through coaching, your skills will be reinforced. Just like coaching helps an athlete, phone coaching allows you to master the techniques youve learned and apply them to real life. This empowers you to handle these situations confidently and eventually be able to get through them alone. Phone coaching should be used thoughtfully, but you should never hesitate to call your therapist if youre in distress. While your therapist wont want you to use phone coaching inappropriately, such as if youre refusing to use the skills youve learned, you are encouraged to call whenever you feel in need of help. Many BPD patients dont call because they feel as if they arent worth the effort and dont want to disturb anyone, but its essential that you trust and confide in your therapist to help your progress.

Edgar Allan Poe - Mr. Pessimistic Essay - 1034 Words

Edgar Allan Poe - Mr. Pessimistic Some people always look at the bad side of things instead of the good side. This is called pessimism. Edgar Allan Poe could be recognized as the king of pessimism. He is known for his tales of the mysterious and macabre. His dark and twisted works are filled with pessimism. Poe was a person who had faced many troubling experiences throughout his life. To escape from his saddened world, Poe drank and wrote short stories and poems with a pessimistic outlook. Being a pessimist is what made Poe such a great and creative writer. He brought out his dark side in his work. It seems that all of his stories and poems are laced with pessimism. Pessimism was like Poe’s warm blanket. He had a sad life, which†¦show more content†¦For start the raven is a symbol of mournful and never-ending sadness. â€Å"Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn, It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore† (Poe). It is quite evident that Poe actually tal ks about his beloved Virginia in the poem. He wishes to reunite with her after death, which shows how much he missed her. He also talks of the Balm in Gilead, which is a fictitious place in the Old Testament where there is no suffering. Poe had gone through so much in life that at that point he felt tired and exhausted. He wanted to rest, and be free from pain. Poe also refers to a bust of Pallas above his chamber door. Pallas was the Greek God of Wisdom. The idea that the raven sat on it would lead the narrator to believe that the bird spoke from wisdom. It is also said that Poe had a bust of Pallas over his door when he lived in New York City (Nilsson). Poe also mentions the Plutonium shores, which is referring to Hell. Maybe he felt guilty for not being able to save Virginia. This increased his agony and made him believe that the raven was sent by the devil. There are also a lot of themes in The Raven that relate to Poe’s life. Like he talks about loneliness. â€Å"Other friends have flown before- On the morrow he will leave me as my hopes have flown before† 0(Poe). Poe suffered alot from loneliness and depression, both clinical and chemical. He wasn’t close to his father. All the women he loved ended up dying. HeShow MoreRelatedEssay Biography of Edgar Allan Poe2810 Words   |  12 PagesBiography of Edgar Allan Poe Many authors literary works are often influenced by their own personal life experiences. Among these authors is Edgar Allan Poe, one of the most inventive writers of prose and poetry in the nineteenth century. The juxtaposition of Poes life and work is most evident in the morbid personalities and melancholy themes of his literary compositions, similar to those of his life. Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. His motherRead MoreThe Character of Sherlock Holmes in Sir Arthur by Conan Doyle1742 Words   |  7 Pagesfour,’ which followed after the ‘A study in Scarlet’ and is most amusing as Miss Morstan receives pearls beyond price and a mysterious message from an anonymous source; she then goes to the famous consulting detective of 221B Baker St., Mr. Sherlock Holmes for advice in how to answer the message. Together with his staunch comrade, Dr. John Watson, Holmes tracks down the secret of the Sign of Four. It is no surprise that the sequels of Sherlock Holmes are etched most Read More11 Types of Essay4025 Words   |  17 Pagessituations† (McCall, pg. 34). For Sartre, this was the best feature of the theater: it was a forum for broadcasting his thoughts. Therefore, The Flies is not about the story being told. Indeed, the classic myth is a medium for Sartre’s clearly dark and pessimistic thoughts to be thrown into the faces of the spectators. Sartre’s play is essentially philosophical and essentially French. It is really an inquiry into individual political responsibility in a world where humans are estranged from one another, andRead MoreWalts Whitmans Vision of America in Leaves of Grass17685 Words   |  71 Pages†©a†©way†©to†©come†©to†©peace†©with†©himself†©and†©the†©world;†©a†©way†©for†©him†©to†© ascertain†©that†©he†©did†©contribute†©to†©what†©he†©felt†©he†©had†©to.†© To†©theâ₠¬ ©reader,†©he†©says†©this†©collection†©of†©poems†©is†©a†©Ã‚ «reminiscent†©memorial »Ã¢â‚¬ ©of†©these†© times†© in†© which†© he†© lived.†© He†© seems†© to†© have†© a†© rather†© pessimistic†© point†© of†© view†© when†© stating†© that,†© because†© he†© wishes†© it†© had†© been†© even†© more†© than†© that.†© Whitman†© wanted†© his†© poems†©to†©be†©passed†©down†©from†©generation†©to†©generation,†©like†©a†©sort†©of†©guide†©for†©people†© that†©would†©tell†©them†©the†©mistakes†©they†©ought†©not†©to†©repeat

Prepare for a Test That Is 3 Months Away

If youre preparing to take a standardized test like the SAT or GRE (among others), you need months—not weeks or days—to get ready. Now, some people will try to prepare for a test like this by cramming at the last minute, but those people rarely achieve good test scores! In your case, youve given yourself three months, so you have plenty of time to study for whichever standardized test youre taking. This schedule should help you prepare for a test that is three months away. Month 1 Week 1 Make sure youve registered for your exam!Buy a test prep bookReview the test basics: whats on the test, length, price, test dates, registration facts, testing strategies, etc.Get a baseline score. Take one of the full-length practice tests inside the book to see what score youd get if you took the test today.Map out your time with a time management chart to see where test prep can fit in. Rearrange your schedule if necessary to accommodate test prep. Week 2 Review your test prep options if you think that studying on your own will not be ideal!  Choose and purchase a test prep option (tutoring, a different set of books, online courses, classes, etc.)If you are studying on your own, move this schedule up a week and start going into week 3s material. Week 3 Begin coursework with your weakest subject (Subject A) as demonstrated by the baseline score.Learn the components of Subject A fully: types of questions asked, amount of time needed, skills required, methods of solving types of questions, knowledge tested. Acquire the knowledge necessary for this section by searching on the Internet, going through old textbooks, reading articles, etc. Week 4 Answer Subject A practice questions, reviewing answers after each one. Determine where youre making mistakes and correct your methods. Keep learning content of this section. Month 2 Week 1 Take a practice test on Subject A to determine level of improvement from baseline score.Fine-tune A by going over questions missed to determine what level of knowledge youre missing. Reread information until you know it! Week 2 Move on to next weakest subject (Subject B). Learn the components of B fully: types of questions asked, amount of time needed, skills required, methods of solving types of questions, etc.Answer Subject B practice questions, reviewing answers after each one. Determine where youre making mistakes and correct your methods. Week 3 Take a practice test on B to determine level of improvement from baselineFine tune B by going over questions missed to determine what level of knowledge youre missing. Review that material. Week 4 Move on to strongest subject/s (Subject C). Learn the components of C fully (and D and E if you have more than three sections on the test) (types of questions asked, amount of time needed, skills required, methods of solving types of questions, etc.)Answer practice questions on Subject C (D and E). These are your strongest subjects, so youll need less time to focus on them. Month 3 Week 1 Take a practice test on C (D and E) to determine level of improvement from baselineFine tune C (D and E) by going over questions missed to determine what level of knowledge youre missing. Review that material. Week 2 Take a full-length practice test, simulating the testing environment as much as possible with time constraints, desk, limited breaks, etc.Grade your practice test and cross-check every wrong answer with the explanation for your wrong answer. Determine what youve missed and what you need to do to improve. Week 3 Take another full-length practice test, simulating the testing environment again. Again, go through every missed problem, looking for weaknesses. Week 4 Review questions you have missed and answer practice questions related only to those types of questions. Study apps can help you single out these specific types of questions.  Eat brain food.Get plenty of sleepReview test tips to make your test-taking more efficient.Plan some fun evenings to help you relaxThe day before the test,  read through testing strategies for the exam.Pack your testing supplies the night before: an approved calculator if youre allowed to have one, sharpened #2 pencils with a soft eraser, registration ticket, photo ID, watch, snacks or drinks for breaks. Get plenty of sleep the night before, making sure you dont change your routine from your normal routine.  Relax. You studied for your test and youre ready to go!

Social Media on Society Free Essays

Facebook the world. Since the beginning social networking sites, like Facebook has attracted several types of users, and in most cases, these people have incorporated these websites into their daily practices. While some sites support existing relationships, others help creating new relationships in different interests such as political views, religious, activities or even just gaming! While supporting Facebook on society is beneficial, one can find several factors that go against it, such as cyber bulling. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media on Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indeed, social networking provides society a lot of good tools, nonetheless people have taken social networking for granted. One of the main reasons and most popular because people use social networking sites is to keep in touch with friends and relatives while they are away. It aids the fact that several people who live away from their home receive continuous support from friends and people they communicate through Internet. According to a website article (ProCon. org, Page 2), 60 million of Americans received assistance with major life issues from people on their social network. â€Å"These people said social networking sites helped them connect with friends and experts who assisted on their decisions† (ProCon. rg, Page 2). With the technology developed by social networking, long distance communication has become much simpler and accessible to the average person; It has facilitated users to keep up with the face-to-face relationship with their friends and relatives. Not only does it facilitate the â€Å"virtual† contact between its users, but also it can be a technique to arrange personal m eetings for different purposes. Taking into account the features social networking offers, it is also considered as a very potential tool that has even substitute traditional methods of communication. It has helped people getting to know deeper statistics about certain general interest topics such as politics. One day before the last US presidential election, the Democratic candidate had more followers than the Republican candidate in most of the social networking sites such as Facebook, My space and Twitter (ProCon. org, Page 2 3). I believe that since the majority of people that join social networking sites are a young crowd, their decisions and opinions have a strong influence and have a very solid word out in the world referring to any topic, in this case political. When the Internet boom started years ago, many schools considered the Internet a â€Å"distraction† that was not really necessary. Beginning with scholars, social networking has been playing a very significant system on today’s education. Parents have claimed that their children have improved their writing, reading and conflict resolution skills, and learned how to express themselves better, and meet new students around the world (Cassel, Page1)( Procon. org, Page 2). By expanding the sources of information and feedback students have the ability of gathering more information and learn more about their interests. The fact that is very easy to communicate with their classmates through any chat or website makes their education fun and interactive. Incorporating social networking as a tool of learning, schools and different institutes have developed â€Å"safety policies† that protect users from any harm through Internet. Using social networking to enlarge your business opportunities is a great tool mostly used by young professionals. Getting into an unknown world in your career, young professionals see social networking as a guide and a way of easily targeting their interest in a professional level. Searching for a job or starting your own business requires exposing those services to several people in order to have success. With social networking professionals are a click away of letting the world know who they are and their services. It’s easier to tell your abilities to a large â€Å"virtual† group of people once, than having to tell capabilities one hundred times individually. It’s time consuming, and a time is money. Because of that and other reasons, social networking has been used as an advertisement method. Big, medium and small size companies are utilizing social networking to deliver to consumers their product and facilitate the access for further information about their services (Accardi, Page 20). Besides companies, people are taking advantage of the â€Å"marketplace† offered by social websites to advertise personal items and make a profit. Just like everything, social networking has its down side as well. It can influence people, especially teenagers, in a negative and/or destructive way. An average of time spent on social networking is 9 hours per day, which could be applied to more productive activities such as sports, and education (ProCon. org, Page 1). Over-communication drives users to the release of confidential and personal information that can be easily taken and manipulated by anyone. By displaying personal information opens doors to sexual predators, identity thieves, and cyber-bullying which can affect society in many aspects. â€Å"Department of Defense is considering a ban on social networking sites because of concerns over security threats and potential computer viruses† (ProCon. rg, Page 2). Even the government with all its security systems, has taken serious actions regarding social networking with their employees, and members to avoid any leak of information. Furthermore, companies are adopting this system of social networks to either recruit people or firing current employees. Social networking is also highlighted by the fact of joining group s of common interest. However, when people limit themselves to their interests only, they are preventing themselves of growth (Pagliarini, Page 1). Limiting yourself from acknowledging information in certain topics or groups could also isolate you from society that could benefit you intellectually and professionally. Another harmful aspect of social networking is that it could affect your health, specially children’s brain development as well as mental disorders. â€Å"My fear is that these technologies are infantilizing the brain into the state of small children who are attracted by buzzing noises and bright lights, who have a small attention span and who live for the moment† (Cassel, Page 1). It has also been stated that the personal contact with people is healthier that looking at a screen. Having more direct contact with the world also benefits the quality of relationships we develop. Sometimes people focus more in the virtual method of networking, rather than the â€Å"non-virtual† and it separates people from actual physical networks that could end up in a good personal or business relationship. Social networking has an enormous impact on today’s society. Many believe that social networking is beneficial, others don’t. Having the opportunity to investigate more into social networking brought up to my attention that it can be very beneficial as long as we can control the web and the web doesn’t control us. The power of social networking is very capable of putting companies on top of the list, or leaving people out in the streets without a job. The ability of shorten distances between families and friends has been the number one use of social networking, unfortunately many individuals take advantage of social networking and start persecuting innocent people and creating harm to society. The benefits provided by social networking have made society and individuals become more productive and updated with today’s world technology. It’s a magnificent tool with a lot of good outcomes, a tool that in some cases is very costly for the wellness of society. Bibliography Cassel, David. http://tech. blorge. com/Structure:%20/2007/08/07/schoolboards-net-dangers-over-rated-bring-social-networks-to-school/. 07 August 2007. 14 September 2010. Pagliarini, Robert. www. moneywatch. bnet. com. 6 April 2009. 28 September 2010 . ProCon. org. â€Å"Social Networking ProCon. org. † 24 Septemeber 2010. Social Networking ProCon. org. 28 September 2010. How to cite Social Media on Society, Papers

Kidneys, Who Needs Them Essays - Medicine, Anatomy, Kidney Diseases

Kidneys, Who Needs Them? Kidneys, Who Needs Them? Kidneys perform many functions essential to the bodies functioning. The strain that is put on kidneys opens them up to many problems that can occur. Childhood sicknesses can result in failure of the kidneys to perform dialysis in later years of a persons life. Also, excessive minerals in the blood stream can cause kidney stones, which are very painful. Kidneys perform the basic functions of removing water and waste from the bloodstream, this process is called dialysis. After removing the water and waste from the bloodstream, it excretes them through the urine. The kidneys jobs never ends, whenever you take a drink of water or take a bite of food it will pass through the kidneys and the kidneys will filter out the unneeded particles in the bloodstream (Bodys own filter material replaces kidneys, 171). Childhood sicknesses can scar the kidneys. These scars can slowly deteriorate the kidneys until they cannot function correctly. There is no way anyone can repair the scarring of the kidneys, and it is just a matter of time before they cease to function. Lee Foster, an editor for Readers Digest, had a childhood sickness and his kidneys eventually scarred over. He now has no use of his kidneys. He has dialysis three times a week for five hours. Before he went on dialysis he was very anemic and could not take twenty steps without resting (Lee, 99). Kimerer Page 2 Excessive minerals in the bloodstream can also cause problems. One of these problems that it can cause the formation of a stone inside of ones kidney. This happens when excessive amounts of a mineral, like calcium, all concentrate inside the kidney and form a stone. Kidney stones can be removed by surgery or they can be removed by lithotripsy. Lithotripsy is a treatment in which the patient is submerged in water and shockwaves are sent through the body that breaks the stone apart into smaller pieces. This process lasts up to three hours, and the stone is then passed through the urine (Langone, 71). In some instances the stone can get caught in the urinary tract and cause pain to the patient, who may have to go in for surgery to then remove the stone (Langone, 72). Overall, life with kidney problems is possible, but not something easy to do. A person has to spend fifteen hours a week on a dialysis machine, or a treatment, which is not painful itself, but passing the stone through your urine is the painful part. It is better for a person to take extra steps to ensure that they are doing everything they can to prevent kidney problems. Health Care

How to Teach This and That with Classroom Objects

How to Teach 'This and That' with Classroom Objects Learning This is and That is at the very beginning can help you quickly move onto picking up some basic vocabulary so that students can start building vocabulary from the very beginning. Part I: This Is, That Is Teacher: This is a pencil. (Stress this, hold the pencil up in your hand) Teacher: (Signal students should repeat) Teacher: That is a book. (Stress that, point to a book somewhere in the room) Teacher: (Signal students should repeat) Continue this exercise with some basic objects around the room such as: window, chair, table, board, pen, bag, etc. Make sure to stress the difference between this and that when you hold or point to something. Part II: Questions with This and That Teacher: (Model a question to yourself by first holding the object and then laying it down for the response, you can also change places in the room, or change your voice to indicate that you are modeling.) Is this a pen? Yes, That is a pen. Teacher: Is this a pen? Student(s): Yes, that is a pen. OR No, that is a pencil. Continue this exercise with some basic objects around the room such as: window, chair, table, board, pen, bag, etc. Make sure to stress the difference between this and that when you hold or point to something. Part III: Students Ask Questions Teacher: (Point from one student to the next indicating that he / she should ask a question) Student 1: Is this a pen? Student(s): Yes, that is a pen. Teacher: (Continue around the room)

Why the Department of Homeland Security Was Created

Why the Department of Homeland Security Was Created The Department of Homeland Security is the primary agency in the U.S. government whose mission is to prevent terrorist attacks on American soil. Homeland Security is a cabinet-level department  that has its  origins in the nations response to the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, when members of terrorist network al-Qaeda hijacked four American commercial airliners and intentionally crashed them into the World Trade Center towers in New York City, the Pentagon near Washington, D.C., and a field in Pennsylvania. Unified, Effective Response to Terror President George W. Bush  initially created Homeland Security as an office inside the White House  10 days after the terrorist attacks. Bush announced the creation of the office and his choice to lead it, Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Ridge, on Sept. 21, 2001. He will lead, oversee and coordinate a comprehensive national strategy to safeguard our country against terrorism and respond to any attacks that may come, Bush said. Ridge reported directly to the president and was assigned the task of coordinating the 180,000 employees working in the nations  intelligence, defense and law  enforcement agencies to protect the homeland. Ridge described the daunting role of his agency in a 2004 interview with reporters. We have to be right a billion-plus times a year, meaning we have to make literally hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of decisions every year, or every day, and the terrorists only have to be right once, Ridge said.   One lawmaker, citing the biblical story of Noah, described Ridges  monumental task as trying to build an ark after the rain has already started falling. Creation of Cabinet Department Bushs creation of the White House office also marked the beginning of a debate in Congress to establish a Department of Homeland Security in the broader federal government. Bush initially resisted the idea of moving such an important responsibility into the Byzantine bureaucracy, but signed onto the idea in 2002. Congress approved the creation of The Department of Homeland Security in November 2002, and Bush signed the legislation into law that same month. He also nominated Ridge to be the first-ever secretary of the department. The Senate confirmed Ridge in January 2003. 22 Agencies Absorbed  By Homeland Security Bushs intention in creating the Department of Homeland Security was to bring under one roof most  of the federal governments law-enforcement, immigration and anti-terror-related agencies. The president moved 22 federal department and agencies under Homeland Security, as one official told The Washington Post, so we are not doing things in stovepipes but doing it as a department. The move was portrayed at the time as the largest reorganization of the federal governments responsibilities since World War II. The 22 federal departments and agencies absorbed by  Homeland Security are: Transportation Security AdministrationCoast Guard  Federal  Emergency Management Agency  Secret Service  Customs and Border ProtectionImmigration and Customs EnforcementCitizenship and Immigration ServicesCritical Infrastructure Assurance Office of the Department of CommerceNational Communications System of the Federal Bureau of InvestigationNational Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis CenterEnergy Assurance Office of the Department of Energy  Federal Computer Incident Response Center of the General Services AdministrationFederal Protective Service  Office of Domestic PreparednessFederal Law Enforcement Training Center  Integrated Hazard Information System of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Domestic Preparedness Office of the FBIDomestic Emergency Support Team of the Department of JusticeMetropolitan Medical Response System of the Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Disaster Medical System of the Department of Health and Human ServicesOffice of Emergency Preparedness and the Strategic National Stockpile of the Department of Health and Human Services Plum Island Animal Disease Center of Department of Agriculture Evolving Role Since 2001 The Department of Homeland Security has been called on numerous times to handle catastrophes other than those caused by terrorism. They include cyber crimes, border security and immigration, and human trafficking and natural disasters such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 and Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The department also plans security for major public events including the Super Bowl and the presidents State of the Union Address. Controversies  and Criticism The Department of Homeland Security came under scrutiny almost from the moment it was created. It has endured stinging criticism from lawmakers, terrorism experts and the public for issuing vague and confusing alerts over the years.   Terror alerts: Its color-coded alert system, developed under Ridge, was widely ridiculed and criticized for not being more specific about how the public should respond to elevated threats. The system used five colors - green, blue, yellow, orange and red - to inform the public in real-time about the threat of terrorism.Appearing on the  Tonight Show  with Jay Leno in November 2002, Ridge was pressed by the comedian:  Im sitting at home in my underpants watching the game and, boop, were in yellow. What do I do now?  Ridges response: Change shorts. Nonetheless, the color-coded alerts were a source of frustration among Americans who were being told  to be on alert, but werent sure about what to look for.Duct tape: So, too, was the departments 2003 directive that Americans stock up on  duct tape and plastic sheeting to seal the windows and doors of their home in the event of a terrorist attack.Harold Schaitberger, general president of the  International Association of Fire Fighters, told the  Chicago Tribune: Most of the suggestions, I dont believe, are effective at all in really helping to protect anyone from many of these biological and chemical threats.  I mean, duct tape and plastic? Wheres the good air coming from? Hows it going to be recirculated? Beyond the fact that we already know, for nerve gas and other elements, the plastic is totally ineffective.Quipped Leno: This means the only people who are going to survive an attack are serial killers. Who else has duct tape and plastic sheeting in their car? Going global: Homeland Security has also caused friction between the United States and some European countries for deploying about 2,000 special agents and immigration workers to more than 70 countries, as The New York Times reported in late 2017. The United States under President Donald Trump was accused of trying to export its immigration laws, the newspaper reported.Katrina: Homeland Security came under the most intense fire, however, for its response to and handling of the devastation wrought by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the costliest natural disaster in American history. The agency was hammered for not developing a national response plan until two days after the storm hit.If our government failed so utterly in preparing for, and responding to, a disaster that had been long predicted and was imminent for days, we must wonder how much more profound the failure would be if a disaster were to take us by complete surprise, said Republican Sen. Susan Collins of Maine, who called Home land Securitys response  alarming and unacceptable.   Department of Homeland Security History Here is a timeline of key moments in the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. Sept. 11, 2001: Members of the terrorist network al-Qaeda, acting under the direction of Osama bin Laden, orchestrate a series of attacks on the United States after hijacking four airplanes. The attacks killed nearly 3,000 people.Sept. 22, 2001: President George W. Bush creates the Office of Homeland Security in the White House, and chooses then-Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Ridge to lead it.  Nov. 25, 2002: Bush signs the Congress-passed bill creating the Department of Homeland Security in the federal government. We are taking historic action to defend the United States and protect our citizens against the dangers of a new era, Bush said at the ceremony. He nominated Ridge to be secretary.Jan. 22, 2003:  The U.S. Senate, in a  unanimous, 94-0 vote, confirms Ridge as the first secretary of the Department of Homeland Security. Bush issued a prepared statement afterward that read: With todays historic vote, the Senate has demonstrated our shared commitment to doing everything we can to s ecure our homeland. The department initially has about 170,000 employees. Nov. 30, 2004: Ridge announces he plans to step down as secretary of Homeland Security, citing personal reasons. I just want to step back and pay a little more attention to personal matters,  he told reporters. Ridge served in the position through Feb. 1, 2005.Feb. 15, 2005: Michael Chertoff, a federal appeals court judge and former assistant U.S. attorney general credited with helping investigators link the terrorist attacks to al-Qaeda, takes over as the second Homeland Security secretary under Bush. He departed at the end of Bushs second term.Jan. 20, 2009: Janet Napolitano, the governor of Arizona, was tapped by incoming President Barack Obama to serve as Homeland Security secretary in his administration. She resigned in July 2013 to become the head of the University of California system after becoming embroiled in the debate over immigration; she was accused both of being too harsh in deporting those living in the United States illegally and not acting forcefully enough to sec ure the nations borders. Dec. 23, 2013: Jeh Johnson, a former general counsel to the Pentagon and the Air Force, takes over as the fourth Homeland Security secretary. He served through the remainder of Obamas tenure in the White House.Jan. 20, 2017: John F. Kelly, a retired Marine general,  and incoming President Donald Trumps pick, becomes the fifth Homeland Security secretary. He served in the position through July 2017 and became chief of staff to Trump.Dec. 5, 2017: Kirstjen Nielsen, a  cybersecurity expert  who worked in the Bush administration and as a deputy to Kelly, is confirmed as Homeland Security secretary to replace her former boss. The department has grown to 240,000 employees, according to published reports.

Individual Project - Tanglewood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Individual Project - Tanglewood - Essay Example In addition they become aware of the challenges that Tanglewood has gone through. In this way, they will have the ability to deal with any challenge that they may face during their duties. Tanglewood case indicates that there is inconsistency in terms of management between styles between the new stores and the original stores. Thus, the company should also employ the acquisition strategy that will ensure that the new stores start on the correct path without the resistance of the managers or resentment from the workers. The expansion strategies by Tanglewood require that it accumulates adequate funds without lowering the salaries of its employees. The company should therefore adopt techniques that will ensure that it does not use a lot of funds outside the company. Thus, it is imperative for the company to hire itself instead of outsourcing. The only part that the company should outsource is in the construction of the stores. This is based on the fact that if the company creates its own construction and engineering department, it would an expensive venture. This is due to the high costs of such a department in the form of high salaries, high costs of purchasing constructing machines as well as costs of computer programs used to come up with the architectural designs. By hiring itself in other areas, Tanglewood will ensure that it uses reduced financial resources that will generate significant revenue needed in undertaking other operations of the firm. In addition, by hiring its own resources, the c ompany will effectively deal with its own challenges since it is aware of their causes and the best person to deal with an emerging issue in the company. However, outsourcing has several advantages that include providing new ideas, new techniques of performing duties as well as new ways of solving management problem that the company can face. In his effort to hire qualified personnel, the vice-president for human resources should

Questions and Answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Questions and Answers - Essay Example This is influenced after he suspects that Cassio was given the post, by reasons of Desdemona’s friendship, and because he interfered with the relationship between Cassio and Desdemona (Shakespeare, 2001). He wishes to stop the wedding of the two, with the help of Rodirego if it is not to late to do so. This marks the end of a warm freindship between Othello and Lago. This leaves Lagos name tarshished, from being an honest man, to the mortal enemy of Moor. His former friend Moor who is regarded noble and attains the highest military position. Roderigo serves as a secondary antagonist in the play. He is a Venetian desperately lusting but a declined Desdemona. In a dramatic persona, Roderigo is described as a dupe, a gull or an easy target. To pave way to Desdemona’s bed, Roderigo opens his handbag to Lago in the wrong belief that lago will help him (Shakespeare, 2001). At the very beginning, he alerts Brabantio that Desdemona has run away with Moor. Raderigo is hurt badly by lago, after the killing of Michael runs amiss. He is injured in the attempt of failing to kill Cassio. He is then stabbed and left to die, by Lago however later it is known that he had left letters telling the truth about Lagos plans. Moor is a term used to refer to someone or anyone who is either Arab or African. It is a Muslims region, which is half-Christian and half Muslim. Varied on the theme of racism, Moor as referred in the story, Shakespeare, is dark skin, and is discriminated in a big way by Montano. He seeks to revenge with the help of Lago, who he asks to give services to Montano, to get a grip to revenge. In a net of lies, Lago manipulates other characters in the name revenge (Shakespeare, 2001). The sense that they think Lago is honest; he achieves a chance to manipulate them all. The play fits tragedy in that; Shakespeare is searching for a particular tragedy to cover for the many tragedies. Shakespeare is influence, by the fact

Analysis of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Analysis of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs efficiency on the pain reduction for people with sciatica in clinical practise and patient centred care. Introduction Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder in the western world, affecting about 80 percent of the general western world population at some point in their life.8 According to Australian Bureau of statistics (ABS) 2014-2015 National Health Survey (NHS) 16% of the Australian population experience low back pain.10 Moreover, LBP have effects on the functional capacity of people in the work environment, creating a large economic and social burden on society.2, 8 Sciatica forms part of the LBP group and is in the heterogeneous subgroup.2 Sciatica is a disorder that arise from pressure on the sciatic nerve root.3, ,9 Sciatica can be distinguish from LBP as radiating pain that follows a dermatomal pattern in the leg.6ÂÂ   Sciatica is therefore a term to describe a specific symptom of LBP and is not a diagnosis itself.2,5 The yearly estimated prevalence of sciatica is two percent up to fourteen percent.3 Out of every 1000 western world inhabitant 5-10 develop sciatica.12Sciatica also known by several synonyms in academic literature such as lumbosacral radicular syndrome, nerve root pain or nerve root compromise.3Causes of sciatica may or may not include trauma or injury to the spine, spinal canal narrowing and bone spurs.1-2 Most sciatica cases are self-resolved between six and twelve weeks from the onset of symptoms.9,12 However sciatica that does not resolve itself after a few weeks needs medical treatment.6,9Treatment of sciatica is primarily aimed at pain reduction either by reducing pressure on the nerve root or by pain relieving drugs.6 The most common pain relieving drug prescribed for the pain management of sciatica is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 2,3 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, reduce inflammation and swelling, relieve pain temporarily and lower a raised body temperature. In the systematic (Cochrane) review Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for sciatica a number of people with chronic, subacute (pain for less than twelve weeks) and acute sciatica (pain of more than twelve weeks) aged sixteen years and older were examined. A total of ten randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified as eligible to be included in the systematic review, involving 1651 participants aged sixteen to seventy five years of age.2 The aim for the review is to determine whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a pain reduction effect, whether it have an overall improvement and whether it have adverse side effects when compared to placebos, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other drugs in patients experiencing sciatica.2 What was found is that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have no adverse effects in pain reduction for patients experiencing sciatica when compared to the placebo and other drugs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs shown a better overall improvement when compared to other drugs and the placebo. However, this must be treated with caution as the trial quality is low. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs also shown a higher risk of side effects when compared to the placebo.2 This summative article will analyse the implications of these findings for clinical practice and patient-centred care, it will also interpret the findings of the systematic (Cochrane) review and discuss a range of clinical opinions and recommendations for medical students and registered health care professionals. Discussion Based on the systematic review and previous studies it was found that there was a limited benefit from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.2 At the moment, there are a several treatment plans, apart from prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on a chronic basis to reduce pain in patients suffering from sciatica.6,15 Health professionals should consider these other treatment interventions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as long term usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause adverse risk to a patient.1,2,3,19 Potential adverse risks may occur in the gastrointestinal (GI), renal, cardiovascular (CV), cerebrovascular, and central nervous system (CNS).2,19AlternativeÂÂ   professional interventions include manipulative therapy, like chiropractic or osteopathy exercise therapy, physiotherapy, epidural injections, and surgery as a last resort.9,15 Exercise therapy as a single treatment intervention compared to bed rest had little or no improvement at all for patients with sciatica. However prolonged bed rest have harmful effects for the patient.6,9,18 It may therefore be reasonable for a health professional to prescribe exercise therapy along with other treatment interventions to prevent breaching the ethical obligation non maleficence.9 Non maleficence may be defined as doing no harm to the patient involved or the society involved.13 Combining physiotherapy methods such as lumbar traction with other interventions seems to produce positive results in nerve root compression symptoms. Traction as a standalone intervention to date is not recommended as the most studies applied lumbar traction along with other interventions.8 Research into epidural injections, through a meta-analysis found that the injections had some improvements in pain reduction and disability scores in patients with acute sciatic.6,7 The same research reported that exercise therapy is no better than inactive therapy, such as bedrest. Although surgery do not improv e life quality and reduce the severity of sciatica symptoms evidence suggest that surgery is the best intervention to relieve pain fast in patients suffering sciatica.6,16 Surgery will relieve sciatica pain nine out of ten times. However, there is a change of one in twenty that the pain will return at a later stage. Surgery, is usually reserved when the compressed nerve causes a significant weakness like loss of bladder control or bowl control or when the pain progressively worsens or does not improve with other non-invasive therapies.17 Further studies conclude that there is no significant difference in the clinical outcome between conservative treatments (physiotherapy and pharmaceutical interventions) and the invasive treatments like surgery after two years in patients with sciatica.The literature is therefore not consistant regarding the best treatment intervention, the choice of treatment can be considered preference sensitive.14 The Dutch multidisciplinary sciatica guideline r ecommend that share decision making is implemented in consultations. In share decision making both the, health professional and the patient makes a decision together, weighting the best available evidence of different treatment options against each other.14,20 Patients are encouraged to consider between conservative treatment over a prolonged period and invasive treatments weighing the benefits and harm of each to select the best treatment for them.14 When making decisions about the course of clinical practice in a patient consultation, it is important to remember patients have a right to make a well-informed decision about their treatment option.22 It would be appropriate to disclose the findings of this systematic review to patients considering the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs so that a patient can make an informed decision regarding treatment options. It is essential that patients seeking treatment for sciatica understand the true extent of the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: that it only has minimal (if any) pain reduction effects when compared to a placebo or other drugs.2

Globalisation and English Essay

According to the researchers from the Levin Institute, globalisation is defined as â€Å"a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world.†1 Coleman (2006: 2) considers that globalization is characterized by the compression of time and geographical distance, the reduction of diversity through intensified trade and communication, and new social relationships marked by reduced local power and influence. Gray (2002: 152) considers that a series of factors are associated with this phenomenon, including the rise of transnational corporations (which challenge the autonomy of the nation-state), the interconnection which goes beyond national boundaries, the development of technologies which compress space and time and make communication instantaneous and increasing cultural hybridization. The combination of these factors generates two visions on the present and future, an apocalyptical dystopia or the image of the humanity at the beginning of a new era of civilisation. Berger (2003: 2) describes the utopian perspective as the promise of an international civil society, conducive to a new era of peace and democratization. The dystopian nightmare implies â€Å"the threat of an American economic and political hegemony, with its cultural consequence being a homogenized world resembling a sort of metastasized Disneyland (charmingly called a â€Å"cultural Chernobyl† by a French governme nt official).† As Berger and many others rightfully notice, there is indeed an emerging global culture, with an American origin and content, which Berger describes using a phrase belonging to the Chilean historian Claudio Veliz: â€Å"the Hellenistic phase of Anglo-American civilization†. The formulation is clearly dissociated from any interpretation in terms of imperialism, as Greece had no imperial power by the time the civilized world was described as Hellenistic. Even though the United States have today a great deal of  power, its culture is not imposed globally be means of force. During the Hellenistic times, the main vehicle for cultural propagation was language, the basic and vulgar Greek, Koine. The nowadays koine seems to be English, that new lingua franca for the new emerging global culture, which the world population learn for practical reasons. English has become the medium of international, economic, technological and scientific communication, however much this may enrage intellectuals in certain places or the world, such as France or Quebec. Millions of people all over the world learn English because they want to take part in this global communication, not because they want to read Shakespeare in the original. As Fishman puts it, â€Å"whether we consider English a â€Å"killer language† or not, whether we regard its spread as benign globalization or linguistic imperialism, its expansive reach is undeniable and, for the time being, unstoppable. Never before in human history has one language been spoken (let alone semi-spoken) so widely and by so many.†(cf. Fishman, 1999: 26) Crystal (1997: 13) notices that the reason why a language becomes a global language does not have much to do with the number of people who use it. It is much more important who those speakers are. Latin became an international language throughout the Roman Empire, but this was not because the Romans were more numerous than the peoples they subjugated. The writer goes on arguing that language has no independent existence, living in some sort of mystical space apart from the people who speak it. Language exists only in the brains and mouths and ears and hands and eyes of its users. Consequently, when they succeed, on the international stage, their language succeeds. When they fail, their language fails with them. A language does not become a global language as it possesses special intrinsic structural properties, or because of the size of its vocabulary, or because it has been a vehicle of a great literature in the past, or because it was once associated with a great culture or religio n. These factors can motivate someone to learn a language, of course, but none of them alone, or their combination can ensure a language’s world spread. A language has traditionally become an international language for one chief reason: the power of its people – especially their political and military power. Still,  according to Crystal, the international language dominance is not entirely the result of military might. It may take a militarily powerful nation to establish a language, but it takes an economically powerful one to maintain and expand it. This was the case in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, when economic developments began to operate on a global scale and supported the new communication technologies – telegraph, telephone, radio – and fostered the emergence of massive multinational organizations. The development of a competitive industry and business led to an explosion of international marketing and advertising. Also, the technology, chiefly in the form of movies and records, fuelled new mass entertainment industries which had a worldwide impact. As Crystal rightfully underlines it, any language at the centre of such an explosion of international activity would suddenly have found itself with a global status. English, he sustains, was in the right place at the right time. During the nineteenth century, Britain had become the world’s leading industrial and trading country. At the end of the century, the population of the USA was larger than that of any of the countries of Europe, and its economy was the most productive and the fastest growing in the world. During the twentieth century, this world presence was maintained and promoted through the economic supremacy of the American superpower. Politics was replaced by economics the chief driving force. And the language behind the US dollar was English. The American English, as any other language, carries with it a cultural freight of cognitive, normative and emotional connotations which insinuate themselves in the consciousness of those who speak it. According to Berger (2000: 427), it makes sense to assume that the attractiveness of English, especially of its American form, is due at least in part to its capacity to express the sensib ilities of a dynamic, pluralistic and rationally innovative world. The prospect that a lingua franca is needed for the entire world emerged powerfully during the twentieth century, when various international bodies (such as United Nations, UNESCO or UNICEF) came into being. The need to adopt a unique lingua franca in order to facilitate communication in such contexts is obvious, as the alternative would be expensive and impracticable multi-way translation facilities. The need for a global language is particularly appreciated by the international academic and business communities, composed of members with a large variety of mother tongues, as well as in the  thousands of individual contacts being made daily around the world, as people nowadays have become more mobile, both physically and electronically, due to the invention of the Internet. There are many considerable benefits which would flow from the existence of a global language; but several commentators have pointed to possible risks which may emerge from the existence of a unique lingua franc a. Johnson (2009: 132) has identified three paradoxes of thought regarding the status of English as a so-called lingua franca, each of these conflicts being interlinked with the others. The first paradox is an illustration of the widespread disagreement on whether English should be considered a powerful economic tool for development and commerce, or its rise is a dangerous mechanism which reinforces and creates new inequalities based on English-proficiency. There is also a risk that that those who speak English as their mother tongue will automatically be in a position of power compared with those who have to learn it as an official or foreign language. For example, a scientist with another native language than English will need more time to assimilate a report in English and consequently, less time to carry out his or her own scientific research. Moreover, if his or her work is written in other language than English, there is a chance that he or she will have his or her work ignored by the international scientific community. A different scenario could be that of the senior managers who do not have English as their mother tongue and find themselves working for English-language companies; these persons could find themselves at a disadvantage compared with their mother-tongue colleagues, especially when meetings involve the use of informal speech. Crystal (2007: 16) claims that there is already anecdotal evidence to suggest that these thi ngs happen. Knowledge of English is a powerful tool for development and advancement throughout the world and fluency in English is seen as a step forward in the people’s struggle for self-sufficiency and success. The increase in global interactions has stimulated demand for more efficient communication across lingual borders. A second reason for the popularity of English among the world population is the language’s association with all things â€Å"modern†, most likely thanks to American pop culture. But recently, observers of the spread of English have pointed that English is not only helpful but is becoming increasingly necessary for success in the nowadays world, leaving those who do not speak  it behind. Researchers have noted that publications written in languages other than English have a considerably lower impact, being less cited than English-language works. Various advertising companies make intensive use of the lingual imagery, using English when they want to express globality, modernism, and progressivism. In this manner, the English language continues its growth, owing its popularity to the financial benefits of those using it and to the attractive lifestyle images attached to it. For many, from rich business executives to low-income students, English and its command has been constructed as â€Å"language power of opportunity, free of the limitations that the ambitious attribute to their native languages† (cf. Johnson, 2009: 134). The English-only systems are accused of violation of the equality of opportunity and lingual rights should be protected like other human rights, instead of being left to market forces, but on the other hand, the role of English in bringing pr osperity to those who use it cannot be ignored. English, like any other economic tool, is not equally and universally available and may function as a new dividing line in the quest for progress. Fishman argues that â€Å"spreading languages often come to be hated because they can disadvantage many as they provide advantages for some.† (1999: 28). The analysis devoted recently to the spread of English has got precisely to the point that English is not only helpful but is becoming increasingly necessary for success in the working world, leaving those who do not speak it behind. This system which rewards English-speakers and leaves the rest outside is highly questionable. On the one hand, all skills, including lingual ability, should be awarded; on the other hand, the ability in a language which is native to some and the educational access to which is nor fairly spread should not count for more than one’s field-related expertise. A second conflict Johnson draws attention upon has emerged with regard to culture. There are voices claiming that English language is an imperialist and homogenizing force detrimental to the world’s diversity of cultures, while others consider that the English language is separating from its culture of origin and actually facilitating cross-cultural dialogue. English is considered the carrier of the images of globalization, threatening not only to make those who speak it more alike, but to mould them in the culturally-specific American image that it carries in its syntax. English  may be the tool for communicating used by the international elite, and consequently the language of choice for those who aspire to gain this status, but languages are more than mere modes for communication. They are also the carriers of entire perspectives upon the world, the containers of culture and identity. â€Å"While this means that decreasing lingual diversity can lead to the loss of irrepl aceable bodies of knowledge and tradition, it also reinforces the influence of those who hold such power.† (Johnson, 2009: 137) As there is a direct but also a subtle connection between the way the speakers understand the world around them and the language they speak to communicate, using lingual power is a particularly effective modality to spread one’s influence. Many scholars fear that the brand of Americanized â€Å"cosmopolitanism† threatens not to celebrate diversity, but to destroy, or dilute in the best case-scenario, the cultures in its path. On the positive side, the rise of English is considered a positive development for culture, linking people who come from a wide range of backgrounds and allowing speakers to share their culture and ideas with a larger audience. But many of modern English students are not very interested in becoming culturally American but more eager in learning English for international purposes, many times related to their careers. International communication through English is more and more characterized by interactions between those who speak it as a second language rather than by communication between native speakers. It is true that the balance of power may have determined that English would become the dominant global language, but the language in itself can no longer be understood as functioning exclusively to serve the interests of English-speaking states. In sport, business, entertainment or advertising, English is being more and more used as a communication tool, and various scholars in the field claim that this is only strengthening global cultural awareness and the appreciation of diversity. But, according to Graddol, (1997: 3) the language is at a critical moment in its global career: within a decade or so, the number of people who speak English as a second language will exceed the number of native speakers. The implications of this shift are very important: the centre of authority related to the lan guage will move from speakers to the global resource. Their literature and television may no longer provide the focal point of a global English language culture, their teachers no longer form the unchallenged authoritative models for  learners. The increasing adoption of English as a second language by people belonging to various communities, where it takes on local forms, is leading to fragmentation and diversity. The third conflict noticed in the analysis of the rise of English has to do with the permanence of its ascendancy. Many observers believe that English is â€Å"just another lingua franca† but there are persons who worry that its rise with the rapid globalization means that it is a more permanent, and probably more dangerous, phenomenon. Phillipson (1996: 429) notices that English has acquired a narcotic power in many parts of the world, an addiction that has long term consequences that are far from clear. For some scholars the pre-eminence of the English language is nothing more than a passing phase. Johnson (2009: 141) cites Fishman, who claims that â€Å"historically, languages have risen and fallen with the military, economic, cultural or religious powers that supported them.† Russian, for example, was the indisputable language of power from Berlin to Beijing until the fall of the ideological system that supported it. Since then, English has taken its place, supporte d by the political and economic forces behind it. But there are many reasons to believe that the heyday of the English language will not long outlive the powers that have propelled it. Other languages, large or small, may gain more importance, and one sign of this future development is that the widespread popularity of English means that ability in other languages will become equally, if not more, valuable for employment in specific fields. Even though English is the tool of today’s global communication, regional lingua francas like Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, or Swahili are more effective modes to reach greater, even if less affluent, groups of people. Fishman claims â€Å"Indeed, for all the enthusiasm and vitriol generated by grand-scale globalization, it is the growth in regional interactions —trade, travel, the spread of religions, interethnic marriages— that touches the widest array of local populations. These interactions promote the spread of regional languages.† (1999: 39) Regional languages are gaining more importance as the societies who speak them gain economic influence and power on the global level. It is agreed that it wonâ €™t be long before they become major competitors to the English language. Johnson (2009: 142) also sustains that lasting English language dominance is  unlikely because of the basic human tendency to resist domination. According to her, â€Å"trends that are perceived as hegemonic can have the indirect effect of producing a backlash, prompting groups to hold on more tightly to their local identities.† Fishman (1999:40) explains that languages â€Å"serve a strong symbolic function as a clear mark of ‘authenticity’ †and are inextricably tied to a community’s sense of identity. Still, no other language in recorded history has ever been spoken as widely as English. Many of the languages existing in the world have lost the vocabulary to describe certain realities and the non-adaptation of new or technical English terminology to other languages can mean the disappearance of many scholarly traditions belonging to these cultures. As Crystal (1997: 139) underlines, there has never been a language so widely spread or spoken by so many people as English. There are therefore no precedents to help us see what happens to a language when it achieves genuine world status. The way the global use of English will influence the world is not an answer to be found easily, but being aware of its importance will help us maximize the benefits and minimize its costs. Graddol (1997: 3) describes two competing trends which will give rise to a less predictable context within which the English language will be learned and used: on the one hand, the use of English as a global lingua franca requires intelligibility and the setting and maintenance of standards; on the other hand, the increasing adoption of English as a second language, where it takes on local forms, is leading to fragmentation and diversity. Therefore, there is no way of precisely predicting the future of English since its spread and continued vitality is driven by s uch contradictory forces. The future of English is likely to be a complex and plural one. The language will probably grow in usage and variety, yet simultaneously diminish in relative global importance. We may find the hegemony of English replaced by an oligarchy of languages, including Spanish and Chinese. In economic terms, the size of the global market for the English language may increase in absolute terms, but its market share will probably fall. Fishman (1999: 39) tries to look ahead into the future making guesses about the future of the global language of the contemporary world. In his opinion,  English may well gravitate increasingly toward the higher social classes, while the members of the lower classes will turn towards regional languages accepting more modest gains. He fears that most non-native English speakers may come to like and accept the language far less in the twenty-first century than most native speakers are ready to anticipate. The premises are already obvious: the Germans are alarmed by the fact that their researchers are using overwhelmingly English in order to publish the results of their studies. Also, France seems to remain highly resistant to English in mass media, diplomacy, and technology. Much as English may be learned today, it could become even more widely disliked. Resentment of both the predominance of English and its tendency to spread along class layers could in the future prove a key factor against its further globalization. After the regional rivals of English experience their own growth, there is no reason to assume that the language will still be necessary for technology, higher education, and social mobility. Fishman rightfully comments that civilization will not sink into the sea if and when that happens. When French language experienced a decline from its peak of influence this did not mean an irreparable harm on art, music, or diplomacy. Similarly, the decline of German did not harm the exact sciences. The scholar brings into discussion the examples of ancient Greek, Aramaic, Latin, and Sanskrit which were once world languages representing military might, sophistication, commerce, and spirituality and which are mere relics in the modern world. Likewise, the power of English will not outlive for long the technical, commercial, and military supremacy of the Anglo-American giant, when a stronger power appears to challenge it. Fishman concludes that the fact that the use of English around the world might decline does not necessarily determine the values associated today with its spread to decline at the same time. Ultimately, democracy, international trade, and economic development can flourish in any tongue. Bibliography: Berger, P., 2000, Four Faces of Global Culture, in O’Meara, P., Mehlinger, H., Krain, M. (eds.) Globalization and the Challenges of the New Century: A Reader, Indiana University Press, Bloomington Berger, P., Huntington, S. 2002, Many Globalizations: Cultural Diversity in the Contemporary World, Oxford University Press, New York Coleman, J. A. 2006, English-medium  teaching in European Higher Education. Language Teaching, 39(1), pp. 1–14. Available at http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1017/S026144480600320X Crystal, D. 1997. English as A Global Language. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Fishman, J. A. 1999. The New Linguistic Order. Foreign Policy, 113 : 26–40 Graddol, D. 1997. The Future of English? The British Council. Retrieved at http://www.britishcouncil.org/de/learning-elt-future.pdf Gray, J, 2002, The Global Coursebook in English Language Teaching, in Block D, Cameron, D (eds.) Globalisation and Language Teaching, Routledge, London Johnson, A. 2009, The Rise of English: The Language of Globalization in China and the European Union. in Macalester International: Vol. 22, Article 12. Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/macintl/vol22/iss1/12 Phillipson, R. 1996. English Only Worldwide, or Language Ecology. TESOL Quarterly 30: 429–452.

Surprising Details About Good Pro Con Essay Topics Exposed

Surprising Details About Good Pro Con Essay Topics Exposed As a result of our multilevel excellent control, you can just get an assignment that can help you to stick out from the crowd of the competition! The very first thing a participant ought to pay attention to is the simple fact which he or she could experience stress in a competition, and it might subsequently negatively impact well-being and productivity. Besides the chance to feel joy, or to discover new friends, competition may also lead to stress or obsession with a competitor. It always implies that a person needs to make an effort in order to achieve the desired result, for instance, to win tender or a race. Maybe you currently have a generalized idea of what things to write in your mind, and the following will allow you to concentrate on some specific thought or perhaps change your choice. The problem isn't one-sided as it might seem. The problems develop primarily from the competition. Young writers may try simple on-line citation generators which are generally at no cost. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. English language classes usually demand a lot of writing. Our crew of professional writers with the crucial experience and writing skills is always prepared to fulfill your demands and exceed your expectations. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on distinct views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. When students are writing their argumentative essays which have to find, read and analyze plenty of material to do good. The teachers don't always assign the specific topic. Your teacher may ask you to compose a paper evaluating the pros and disadvantages of a specific issue, providing both positive and negative attributes of a particular subject in addition to the student's position. What You Need to Know About Good Pro Con Essay Topics Utilize your five-paragraph essay methods to craft business articles people wish to read. When they read online, they are looking for the most recent articles, not something that might be outdated. You need to be able to use persuasive language. The reader ought to be impressed by how you defend your ideas. Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. If you're struggling, you always have the option to obtain help by employing an essay writing service such as ours. If you've never written an advantages and disadvantages essay, it may be somewhat intimidating. The very first step to writing a terrific pros and cons essay is knowing precisely what it is. There are equally as many pros as cons so it's challenging to understand what to do. All the advantages and disadvantages listed will need no less than a sentence to present each. There are invariably a broad range of opinions on the field of technology, and here are our favourite things to consider on this issue. In the instance of achieving goals, it's worth considering the advantages and disadvantages of the competitive approach. If it has to do with competitors, an individual should be able or learn how to accept the simple fact that rivals are also participants of the contest. All you have to do is write your conclusion. Good Pro Con Essay Topics Fundamentals Explained The arguments examined in the present paper prove that adoption is a trying procedure despite all the benefits connected with rescuing a young child from a negative atmosphere. In some instances, adoption provides lots of advantages to the birth mother. Some others wish to get around the challenging procedure of pregnancy in order that they see adoption as the ideal way out. Community services permit the society to perceive their young intellectual professional as a practical workf orce to trigger the development of the society. In reality, gun crime statistics reveal that uncontrolled gun ownership will cause more gun crime and ultimately to anarchy. With over 11 million immigrants in america illegally, the matter of illegal immigration proceeds to divide Americans. Around the world, immigration is a popular topic as countries suffer from war and financial disasters. Gun control laws would decrease the societal costs related to gun violence.

Managing Conflicts in Cross Functional Team - 1146 Words

Managing conflict in cross functional team Case study A large retail chain Howard Guttman aligned a large retail chain’s senior HR team. After the alignment session, he provided the team with the basic influencing and conflict management skills they were going to need to work together in the new horizontal, high-performance environment. But in order to cascade the model down through the function, the team’s 60-70 direct reports also needed to acquire new capabilities. A Guttman consultant began by asking selected members of the senior team three questions: * In what business situations would your people benefit from improved influencing and conflict management skills? * How does the corporate culture support or hinder the†¦show more content†¦The results: a common language and a set of common practices that accelerated the shift in the organizational culture. A supplier of food additives At the end of 2008, the head of the North American Division of a global supplier of food additives and his senior team went through an alignment session led by Guttman. As a result of this session, it was determined that both the senior team and the levels below it needed additional capabilities in order to keep them moving on the path to becoming a high-performing team. Influencing and conflict management skills were the focus of a series of two-day programs, which were attended by executives, managers, and individual contributors from the first, second, and third tiers, along with a one-day program on influencing skills for administrative employees. By January 2011, the top two levels had made significant progress, and there was general agreement that in order to cascade the new high-performing-team model further down in the division, another tier should be aligned. 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